Essay --

Web-based social networking advertising is current showcasing specialized instrument that encourages advertisers to draw in with clients, possibilities and different partners of the business on the web. These are moderately minimal effort correspondence channels that help firms to customize theirs brands among the intended interest group. Essentially internet based life advertising helps organizations to spread their proposed messages for the most part with the utilization of words, recordings and photographs. A portion of the broadly utilized online life channels are Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Google+, Pinterest and Myspace. One of the significant destinations of online life promoting is to impart item and administration contributions to the individuals who intrigued by and furthermore to make them noticeable to new objective markets. Significantly online networking channels make brand characters, solid nearness and connections inside the chose crowds. Web based life furnishes firms with the chance of making rehash and steadfast client base. The streaming can be recognized as some key contrasts among social and customary media strategies. Building connections through adverts It is clear that there’s less or no connection with target crowds with the utilization of conventional media strategies. They will just assistance firms to introduce their item or administration. Though with utilization of web based life, organizations will have the option to genuinely cooperate with clients and will assist with building maintainable connections through dynamic and genuine correspondence. Works inside the limits of web Conventional media strategies go past web to attempt to contact individuals in disconnected. Indeed, even today there are critical measure of clients who are yet interface online because of various reasons. By focusing just via web-based networking media strategies, an organization would not have the option to impart ... ... as 1) to decide if the battle enhances the brand 2) to decide any important changes to make to the crusade 3) to acquire client criticism 4) follow up leads. The viability of a social advertising system will chiefly rely upon the accompanying components, 1) Align with the set destinations of the battle (Targeted and centered) 2) Effects on brand mindfulness and reach (Number of individuals follows on Twitter; number of Facebook likes, number of downloads and so forth.) 3) Lead age (individuals who demonstrated intrigue by means of Twitter, returning guests and so forth.) 4) Sales/change rate (online buys, great remarks, referrals, number of individuals enrolled) 5) Level of collaboration/devotion of the promoting group (ordinary updates, remarks, tweets) 6) Value augmentations inside the battle (games, versatile applications) †urge individuals to effectively take an interest in the crusade.

Fast Food Effects on Health Free Essays

Cheap Food Effects on Health In today’s time of comfort, inexpensive food needs no presentation. Everybody from a 2-year-old little child to a 60-year-old grandpa is by all accounts appreciating it each possibility they get. What's more, why not? It’s delectable, it’s filling, is extremely reasonable, and promptly accessible simply whenever of the day, being just a drive through call away. We will compose a custom exposition test on Cheap Food Effects on Health or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now What more would you be able to request when you are living in the fast track? Indeed, bounty †inexpensive food is all acceptable tasting, then again, actually it isn't healthfully adjusted and, in this way, undesirable over the long haul whenever devoured all the time. Inexpensive food is stacked with calories from refined sugar and fats (particularly, the vein stopping up soaked and hydrogenated fats, which are over and over warmed to high temperatures for broiling purposes). It is additionally high in sodium, originating from regular salt and different added substances. On this, cheap food is insufficient in dietary fiber and basic smaller scale supplements like nutrients and minerals. To exacerbate the situation, stores of inexpensive food are regularly swallowed down with gallons of sugar-rich colas †which some drive-thru eateries serve free with food as an impetus. To make a long story short, this outcomes in accumulating of unused void calories in the body, which get put away as muscle versus fat †till one day you look in the mirror and understand that your incredible figure has been supplanted by this animal in the mirror. However, that’s not the finish of the story, it’s simply the start †devouring an excess of inexpensive food not just transforms an attractive person into an unattractive corpulent man, yet as Eric Schlosser brings up in his book Please empower JavaScript to see this page content appropriately. it is a major wellbeing risk as well. What's more, being truly inert just adds to the issue of weight. Very few individuals who love inexpensive food are prepared to recognize that corpulence isn't just a blemish †it is a significant hazard factor for countless lethal sicknesses like hypertension, diabetes, elevated cholesterol, coronary illness, and even numerous sorts of tumors. Late logical investigations have demonstrated that fatty nourishments wealthy in fats, refined sugar and salt could reconfigure the hormones in the body so that they cause you to ache for such food sources and consistently leave you requesting more. As it were, cheap food is somewhat addictive; you get snared on to it and keep devouring it in an uncontrolled manner regardless of realizing that it is undesirable. The more you devour, the more troublesome it is for you to settle on solid nourishments. The circumstance is more awful in the event of kids who from a youthful age get snared on cheap food. Making them change their food propensities from greasy and sweet nourishments and build up a desire for wellbeing advancing products of the soil is an undertaking actually quite difficult. Such youngsters would grow up to be corpulent grown-ups who have never felt the benefits of being a sound weight. To summarize, devouring cheap food all the time prompts numerous wellbeing dangers. In any case, realizing changes in dietary patterns isn't simple. To begin with, a basic change that one could make is to progressively decrease the recurrence of eating cheap food and eat all the more habitually home-prepared food, with a lot of new nourishments and vegetables. The most effective method to refer to Fast Food Effects on Health, Essays

The Story Of An Hour Argumentative Essay Example For Students

The Story Of An Hour Argumentative Essay Kate Chopin utilizes incongruity and symbolisim in â€Å"THe Story of an Hour† to show the idea of persecution of ladies in the late eighteen hundreds. Mrs. Mallard there is iriny just in her name, a mallard is and ought to be a wild free duck an untamed animal.But this mallard,Mrs. Mallard is the very oposite she is a controlled tamed subdued animal.Her life is constrained by socitey and she is tamed by her better half. She is feeble in her marriage life. â€Å"Knowing That Mrs. Mallard was tormented with a heart inconvenience, extraordinary consideration was taken to break to her as delicately as conceivable the updates on her husband’s death.† The initial sentance of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† shows an incredible incongruity in the Story. The possibility that Mrs. Mallard’s heart inconvenience is thought to be physical, when in a tough situation is enthusiastic. The reason for her passionate heart inconvenience is her marrige and the limitations that are put on her by it. We will compose a custom paper on The Story Of An Hour Argumentative explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Symbolisim is found in Mrs. mallard’s room where she goes to be distant from everyone else in the wake of hearing the updates on her spouses passing. The absolute first thing she does is sink into â€Å"a agreeable, spacious armchair† communicating that she I not awkward with the passing of her significant other. Sinking into the seat recommends that the thought has indented in and now she has more space in her life. the space to do the things that she needs rather than what her better half wants.She now has the space to develop. The open window shoes her opportunity, her space, all the spots she is allowed to go since she is uncontrolled by her better half. Everything tha tshe would now be able to become in light of the fact that she has the space to do as such without her significant other. Likewise out of that window of opportunity is springtime. A period for fresh start, a period of development, an opportunity to begin once again. She sees every one of these things concern her since he is dead. Kate brings back incongruity to the story when Mrs. Mallard bites the dust. Shedies at seeing her better half alive. The specialists state that she kicked the bucket of a delight that murders, brought about by her ihysical heart nourishment. At the point when she truly bites the dust since her happiness for another life was murdered, because of her passionate heart nourishment. However significantly increasingly amusing is that the specialists who are consistently supossed to be correct aren't right in the conclusion of her passing. Through the imagery and incongruity that Chopin utilizes it is obvious that the story is all the more then that of 60 minutes, it is an account of an actual existence.

Lufthansa: to Hedge or Not to Hedge

LUFTHANSA: TO HEDGE OR NOT TO HEDGE 1. In the event that the DM/US$ conversion scale were 2. 4DM/US$ in January 1986, what might be the all in cost of the airplane buy under every other option? What might be the all in cost of the airplane buy under every other option if the swapping scale were 3. 4DM/US$? Consider both completely supporting the expense and supporting precisely one portion of the cost (for what reason may you just need to fence some portion of the price tag? ). 1. Sit idle and keep a watch out what the conversion standard resembles in January 1986. 500,000,000 USD x 2. 4DM/USD = 1,200,000,000 DM The expense of the airplane buy will be 1200 million DM. 2. Spread the price tag utilizing forward agreements. In the event that the organization use forward agreements they have the commitment to perform, I. e. they need to purchase the sum they have settled upon in one year for the forward pace of 3. 20 DM/USD. On the off chance that they completely supporting the cost the all in cost of the airplane buy will be: 500,000,000 USD x 3. 2DM/USD = 1,600,000,000 DM The expense of the airplane buy will be 1600 million DM. In the event that they decide to supporting precisely one portion of the cost the all in cost of the airplane buy will be: (250,000,000 USD x 2. DM/USD) + (250,000,000 USD x 3. 2DM/USD) = 1,400,000,000 DM The expense of the airplane buy will be 1400 million DM. 3. Spread the cost utilizing outside money put choices A put alternative gives Lufthansa the option to sell the DM at 3. 20 DM/USD in one year. Regardless of whether they don’t practice the alternative the y need to pay the 6 % premium. The DM has acknowledged corresponding to the USD and the put alternative is in this manner out-of-the cash and Lufthansa won't utilize the choice. In any case, they should pay for the premium. In the event that they completely supporting the cost the all in cost of the airplane buy will be: 500,000,000 x 3. DM/USD x 0. 06 = 96,000,000 DM 500,000,000 USD x 2. 4DM/USD + 96,000,000 DM = 1,496,000,000 DM The expense of the airplane buy will be 1496 million DM. In the event that they decide to supporting precisely one portion of the cost the all in cost of the airplane buy will be: 250,000,000 x 3. 2DM/USD x 0. 06 = 48,000,000 DM 500,000,000 USD x 2. 4DM/USD + 48,000,000 DM =1,448,000,000 DM The expense of the airplane buy will be 1448 million DM 4. Acquire DM to purchase USD dollars today and put them for one year In this technique Lufthansa lock in the cost at today’s spot swapping scale. They could reimburse the credit utilizing the assets to be accessible for the buy in one year. In January 1985 the spot swapping scale was 3. 17 DM/USD, the Eurocurrency U. S. dollar one year loan fee was 9. 5625 percent and the Eurocurrency one year deutschmark loan fee was 6. 3125 percent. On the off chance that they completely supporting the cost the all in cost of the airplane buy will be: Borrow DM to purchase 500 million USD today and contribute them for one year. 500,000,000 USD/1. 095625 ? 456,360,525 USD 456,360,525 USD x 3. 17 = 1,446,662,864 DM Interest rate on target toward the year's end: 1,446,662,864 DM x 1. 63125 = 1,537,983,458 DM Total all in cost of the airplane buy 1,537,983,458 DM. In the event that they decide to supporting precisely one portion of the cost the all in cost of the airplane buy will be: Borrow DM to purchase 250 million USD today and contribute them for one year. 250,000,000 USD/1. 095625 ? 228,180,262 USD 228,180,262 USD x 3. 17 ? 723,331,431 DM Interest rate on target toward the year's end: 723,331,431 DM x 1. 063125 = 768,991,728 DM Cost of the airplane buy: 250,000,000 USD x 2. 4 DM/USD + 768,991,728 = 1,368,991,728 DM Total all in cost of the airplane buy 1,368,991,728 DM. What might be the all in cost of the airplane buy under every other option if the conversion standard were 3. 4DM/US$? Consider both completely supporting the expense and supporting precisely one portion of the cost (for what reason may you just need to fence some portion of the price tag? ) 1. Sit idle and keep a watch out what the conversion scale resembles in January 1986. 500,000,000 USD x 3. 4DM/USD = 1,700,000,000 DM The expense of the airplane buy will be 1700 million DM. 2. Spread the price tag utilizing forward agreements. On the off chance that the organization use forward agreements they have the commitment to perform, I. e. hello need to purchase the sum they have settled upon in one year for the forward pace of 3. 20 DM/USD. On the off chance that they completely supporting the cost the all in cost of the airplane buy will be: 500,000,000 USD x 3. 2DM/USD = 1,600,000,000 DM The expense of the airplane buy will be 1600 million DM. On the off chance that they decide to sup porting precisely one portion of the cost the all in cost of the airplane buy will be: (250,000,000 USD x 3. 4DM/USD) + (250,000,000 USD x 3. 2DM/USD) = 1,650,000,000 DM The expense of the airplane buy will be 1650 million DM. 3. Spread the cost utilizing remote cash put alternatives A put alternative gives Lufthansa the option to sell the DM at 3. 20 DM/USD in one year. Regardless of whether they don’t practice the alternative they need to pay the 6 % premium. The DM has deteriorated according to the USD and in this way the alternative is in-the-cash and Lufthansa will utilize the choice. On the off chance that they completely supporting the cost the all in cost of the airplane buy will be: 500,000,000 USD x 3. 2 DM/USD x 1. 06 = 1696,000,000 DM The expense of the airplane buy will be 1696 million DM. On the off chance that they decide to supporting precisely one portion of the cost the all in cost of the airplane buy will be: (250,000,000 USD x 3. DM/USD) + (250,000,000 USD x 3. 2DM/USD x 1. 06) = 1,698,000,000 DM The expense of the airplane buy will be 1698 million DM. 4. Obtain DM to purchase USD dollars today and put them for one year In this system Lufthansa lock in the cost at today’s spot conversion standard. They could reimburse the advance utilizing the assets to be accessible for the buy in one year. In January 1985 the spot conversion scale was 3. 17 DM/USD, the Eurocurrency U. S. dollar one year loan fee was 9. 5625 percent and the Eurocurrency one year deutschmark financing cost was 6. 3125 percent. On the off chance that they completely supporting the cost the all in cost of the airplane buy will be: Borrow DM to purchase 500 million USD today and contribute them for one year. 500,000,000 USD/1. 095625 ? 456,360,525 USD 456,360,525 USD x 3. 17 = 1,446,662,864 DM Interest rate on target toward the year's end: 1,446,662,864 DM x 1. 063125 = 1,537,983,458 DM Total all in cost of the airplane buy 1,537,983,458 DM. In the event that they decide to supporting precisely one portion of the cost the all in cost of the airplane buy will be: Borrow DM to purchase 250 million USD today and contribute them for one year. 250,000,000 USD/1. 095625 ? 228,180,262 USD 28,180,262 USD x 3. 17 ? 723,331,431 DM Interest rate on target toward the year's end: 723,331,431 DM x 1. 063125 = 768,991,728 DM Cost of the airplane buy: 250,000,000 USD x 2. 4 DM/USD + 768,991,728 = 1,368,991,728 DM Total all in cost of the airplane buy 1,368,991,728 DM. 2. Which option would you pick and why? I would not pick the primary other option and leave the sum unhedged since an acknowledge of the USD against DM could change the all in cost quickly and henceforth the benefit. It is imperative to structure the supporting strategy dependent on the conviction about future conditions. On the off chance that Lufthansa truly accepts that the conversion standard will move in a beneficial they could benefit by leaving the sum unhedged. Be that as it may, it very well may be difficult to foresee future trade rates and that is the reason a ton of organizations decide to drive safe by guaranteeing their future budgetary circumstance through supporting. In the event that Lufthansa would support all its cash chance they additionally face a challenge and that is the reason I would decide to fence just a piece of the money chance. Another angle is that creditors’ probably won't care for that Lufthansa is unhedged and they may likewise get better financing costs in the event that they are supported. However, of this we don't have the foggiest idea. Lufthansa can’t get any more cash so we can begin with barring the forward alternative, I. e. the currency advertise fence. The put alternative gives the most reduced all in cost whenever practiced however at a similar it likewise gives the greatest expense when not worked out. I know from a talk that choices were normally utilized via carriers principal to support against fuel costs yet that they have gotten tranquil sweeping so that, at any rate Southwest Airlines, presently days use collars. The currency showcase support works precisely like a forward fence and I think we have limited the choices down to the forward fence.

Management principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The executives standards - Essay Example Our organization will endeavor hard to create itself as a premier neighborhood inexpensive food brand in the market. We intend to offer the most captivating administrations to our clients when they visit our outlet or surf through our site. What we attempt to convey, is fulfillment and quality, so we can build up common trust with our clients. Fundamental Fast Food Services will sell quality items, for example, fries, cheeseburgers, pizzas, wieners, sandwiches, frozen yogurts and soda pops. At our café, clients will appreciate the proactive help of our kin. The café will be planned in a way to convey the most loosened up air to clients. Fundamental Fast Food Services eatery will run from 80 †100 meter square and will situate fromâ 35-40 visitors. The café will stay open all during that time from 8 toward the beginning of the day to 12 PM. We will set up the most agreeable furniture in the café alongside the establishment of forced air systems and warmers. We will likewise guarantee that our handouts and banners are very much disseminated in all the pieces of the city so as to contact our clients. Our eatery will be enhanced with the banners and photos that feature our items. Notwithstanding that, we will likewise be introducing a TV at the eatery with the goal that clients can appreciate the food while viewing th eir preferred soccer or cricket coordinate. We will make uncommon game plans for the youngsters by assigning a different play region for them where they can appreciate an assortment of games. In this way, the climate will be to such an extent that delights every one of our clients. In addition, remove framework is likewise a fundamental piece of our café and it will be one of our needs to guarantee smooth advancement of it. Our café will be situated in the core of London close to the Oval Cricket Stadium. This area is very mainstream in London as individuals of any age regularly come to watch matches during the cricket season. This zone is additionally populated with

How Will The New Tax Law Affect You

How Will The New Tax Law Affect You How Will The New Tax Law Affect You? How Will The New Tax Law Affect You?While youre getting your taxes filed for this year, it wouldnt hurt to look ahead to 2019 and how the new tax law will affect your finances.Have you done your taxes yet? No? Well, you should, um, get on that. The sooner you file your taxes, the sooner you’ll get your refund!In the meantime, it’s never too early to start thinking about next year’s taxes. Especially because there are some pretty big changes in the tax code that you’ll have to take into account when you’re filing this time next year.We kept you posted during the tax bill negotiations, but what’s the score now that it’s all shaken out?We talked to some experts to bring you the info you need about this new tax landscape.Who wins, who loses?This always seems to be the way that coverage of the tax law is framed. In terms of “winners and losers.” And it makes sense. In a world without unlimited resources, a change in how we allocate those resources is going to result in s ome people doing better and other people doing worse.As far as who does better and who does worse under this law, it seems pretty clear overall:“Unfortunately, the benefits of these tax cuts are not distributed evenly,” Mario Costanz, CEO of Happy Tax Service (@happytaxservice), told us. “According to the Tax Policy Center, people making between $307,900 and $732,800 will see a 4.1 percent increase in their take-home pay after the new law goes into effect. However, people making between $48,600 and $86,100 would only see a 1.6 percent boost. So, wealthier households are benefiting more from the Trump tax cuts than low-income familiesâ€"at least in the short term. Most of the tax cuts in the 2018 bill are set to expire by 2027, soâ€"if the cuts are not renewedâ€"most of us will see our taxes go back up.”And while most people may see at least a temporary tax cut, that overall decrease in government revenue could mean the rolling back of services that many middle and lower clas s individuals and families rely on.But that’s in the future, and we’re not in the business of predicting the future. (We used to be, but our magic eight ball rolled under the couch and we are very, very lazy.) Now that we’ve gotten a sense of the overall impact, let’s get to how this will affect you personally.A couple of expanded deductionsWe’re going to go out on a limb here and assume that you aren’t fabulously wealthy. Why? Because this is a blog about personal finance, not yacht upkeep or butler rodeos. And if you’re not in one of the upper-income brackets, then that odds are good that you don’t have a fancy accountant advising you how to minimize your tax burden.But if you are indeed on the lower to middle end of the spectrum, then there is at least one aspect of this tax-code shake-up of the tax code could work in your favor. We’ll let financial planner Jason Newcomer explain:“One impact that should help lower-income for families is the greater standard de duction. In 2017, a married couple filing a joint return could deduct $12,700 from their taxable income. In 2018, that number is $24,000. A married couple filing a joint return with children will likely be able to deduct less this year due to the loss of personal exemptions. However, the child tax credit has been expanded, and the net impact will likely be a reduced tax burden for this family.”Of course, you might have noticed a “loss” in there. And the loss of the personal exemptions aren’t the only deductions that are going away.And a lot of deductions are  goneFor many families, the larger standard deduction might actually mean a smaller tax bill overall. But given how many deductions are on the way out, that’s far from a guarantee.CPA and best-selling author Micah Fraim (@MFraim89) outlined many of the vanishing exemptions in a recent blog post on his site. Some of the highlights (or should we say lowlights) include:“Elimination of moving expenses. If you moved for w ork, those expenses used to be tax deductible. And they were especially advantageous because they were ‘above the line’ deductions that reduced your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) and did not require you to itemize in order to take advantage of them. This deduction has been eliminated unless you are a member of the military.”“Reduction in the state and local tax (SALT) deduction. Taxes paid to state and local governments (real estate, income tax, personal property tax, etc.) used to be completely tax deductible. This deduction has now been capped at $10,000 total. For some people this will not make much of a difference, but in states with high state income or high property taxes this will be especially painful.”“Unreimbursed employee expenses. If you were an employee and had a large amount of unreimbursed business expenses, you could deduct those costs. This was especially helpful for people in sales positions or ones that required a lot of travel/mileage.”You can check o ut Fraim’s post for a complete listing, but he also reached out to us with one example that could definitely affect you if you had a marriage that didn’t end so well:“If you get divorced and have to pay alimony, there has always been one upside: You get to deduct those payments from your taxes. For now at least. Under the new tax code, this deduction has been eliminated for anyone getting divorced after December 31, 2018. Having to not only make these payments, but then to pay tax as though you have the money will make them even harder to swallow. Expect to see divorce settlements become even more contentious with some couples racing to wrap up their divorce before 2019.”So, um, if you’re in a crumbling marriage … maybe pull the plug now instead of later? Wow, this got dark.Why’d you have to go and make things so complicated?Hopefully, this is a good start, but you may still want to do more research based on your own needs. Maybe even talk to a financial planner or acc ountant if you can afford one.Despite the claims of “simplification,” this new tax law is anything but. As Fraim puts it in his blog: “Clocking in at approximately 1,100 pages long, and with more twists and turns than a cornfield maze, it is most definitely not simple.”Thankfully, you still have a whole year to figure out exactly how the law will affect you. And if you’re someone who always procrastinates on their taxes, then we strongly suggest you make next year’s returns an exception.To learn more about taking control of your finances in 2018, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Save $2,018 in 2018Start Your New Year Out Right: Get a Credit Check!Should You Invest in Bitcoin?From Budget to Baller: 6 Tips to Grow Your MoneyHow to Fix Your Bad Credit in 2018Will you see a bigger or smaller refund under the new tax law? We  want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.ContributorsMario Costanz  is th e CEO of  Happy Tax  (@happytaxservice).  As a longtime avid blockchain and cryptocurrency enthusiast, Mario Costanz saw a need for quality tax preparation in the crypto trading community and launched CryptoTaxPrep.com  as a division of Happy Tax.  CryptoTaxPrep.com  has positioned itself as the industry leader in cryptocurrency tax preparation.Micah Fraim, CPA  (@MFraim89)    owns an award-winning accounting practice, has an Amazon bestselling book, and experience as a business analyst in the marketing department of a Fortune 500 company. As such, he brings a broader perspective than most any other accountant. For years hes helped my clients find money that others have missed and helped them make maneuvers others had not thought of. Hes been featured on Forbes, MarketWatch, Time and you can learn more about his work at  FraimCPA.com.Jason Newcomer  graduated from Missouri State University with a Bachelor of Science in Finance in 2010. He began working at Barber Financial Group in   2010,  and was promoted to Advisor in 2012. Jason works to build his clients’ confidence and to help them to understand they can have the retirement they have always envisioned. His mission is to help as many people as he can to realize their financial goals. Jason is an Accredited Investment Fiduciary (AIF ®), a CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER (CFP ®).

Fly Emirates and Fly Dubai Research Assignment - 825 Words

Fly Emirates and Fly Dubai Research Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: FLY EMIRATES AND FLY DUBAIBy (Name)ProfessorUniversity nameDateOutlineMain market segmentation methods1Methods used by Fly Emirates and Fly Dubai2Demographic Method3Geographical Method4Identification and analysis of B2S to B2C market targets..5Positioning of the airlines....6Benefits of the partnership..7References..8Main Market Segmentation MethodsMarket segmentation refers to the process of dividing market share into smaller groups with unique needs and characteristics that need different marketing tools (UK Essays 2013). There are many methods of marketing segmentation but only two apply in the airline industry: demographic method and geographic method.Methods Used by Fly Emirates and Fly DubaiDemographic MethodDemographic method is the most common mode of market segmentation and mainly involves division of the market according to age, race, religion and gender.Although there is no age limit for customers of both Emirates Airlines and Dubai Fly, age segmentation is very reliable in grouping customers into different categories to help better service provision (UK Essays 2013). Both airlines categorize their customers into three age groups: the infants, children and adults. The infants age range is between 0 and 1 years and their tickets are usually discounted from their parents fares. The airlines further allow parents to carry their infants on their laps or in bassinets. For infants aged less than one week, travelling is only allowed in cases of emergency and should be carried in incubators.Children between the ages of 6-36 months are allowed to travel in-car seats under the condition that the parents should restrain them during landing and takeoff. Tickets for adults cover customers from the age of 12 years and older.Geographic MethodEmirates Airlines and Fly Dubai fly across various geographical regions but pay key attention to the different requirements of all customers. The number of people visiting UAE is about 15 million annually. Most of these visitors to the UAE are Africans, Pacific Asians and people from the Middle East. Majority of the visitor are usually entrepreneurs and business people looking for business opportunities while the minority are tourists on holidays and shopping sprees.Identification and Analysis of B2B and B2C Market TargetsB2B refers to business to business and it is product oriented and aims at maximizing transaction revenues. On the other hand, B2C stands for business to consumer and focuses mainly on creating good business rapport between businesses (Hardwick 2016).Online application programme interface (API) is Emirates airlines and Dubai Flys main marketing tool targeting travel retailers and hospitality firms. The API allows direct connection to the partnership reservation system thus facilitating more efficient ticket pricing and even shopping. The program also provides services such as visa application and issuing as well as chauffeur services (Hardwick 2016).Apart from that, the AP I system is compatible to the new distribution capability (NDC) thus meeting the requirements of International Air Transport Association (IATA) (Hardwick 2016). According to Emirates senior vice president, the new improvement is a huge boost to the popular mobile compatible services and it promotes the brand of the partnership globally while at the same time improving connectivity with travel agencies (AVB Staff 2016).The partnership is working towards providing Fly Dubai customers with access to all six continent destinations through Emirates flights. Emirates airline customers will enjoy Fly Dubais regional connectivity. The partnership will moreover invest in an ultra-modern airport that will facilitate spectacular traveling experiences to customers. The airlines will also ensure optimum flight scheduling providing new destinations and a variety of choices to tourists and business people. The partnership will be fully implemented starting in October 2017.Positioning of the Airlin esAccording to analysts, the partnership between Emirates and Fly Dubai will strength the position of the airlines (Diaa 2017). The deal will help both airlines to improve their operations and provide ...

Intercultural Communication Essay Sample

Intercultural Communication Essay Sample Those who are fluently bi-lingual or multilingual are generally more apt in scenarios where intercultural communication is needed. This is because they have already internalized the social cues, cultural difference, and communication norms for two communities, actively have the ability to code switch, and understand that different cultures communicate in different ways. This difference in aptitude or ability can be more clearly understood by considering some of the primary concepts of the relationship between language and culture. More specifically, individuals go through a process of Identity Management, via which they make sense of their personal image, as it relates to different social groups or context (Martin Nakayama). What this means is that they are actively managing both their sense of self, and the way they present themselves to others, when interacting within different social or cultural groups. This is one of the ways that bilingualism or multilingualism supports and individual’s ability to engage in intercultural communication. They already understand how to manage their personal identity, while also meeting the need of diverse audience, and how to shape the presentation of their identity to the confines of a given communication situation or social context. From a theoretical perspective, Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis states that language has the ability shape an individual’s ideas, and to create a framework for the way they understand their social reality (Martin Nakayama). Sapir and Whorf studied language as relative, and considered the way language alters social perception. Keeping this theory in mind, it is easy to see that someone who is bilingual or multilingual already has the ability to understand their social reality in two or more ways. They must, necessarily, have the ability to understand how language has informed their ideas, and because they know more than one language, there is more than one culture impacting their world view. Somewhat similarly, the social science approach to the way that communication is tied to culture, assumes that reality is described, human behaviors can be defined, and culture is a variable that impacts those realities. As such, current communication, within the culture, shapes the way a person views reality, and so helps to predict what will be communicated in the future Martin Nakayama). Again, this connection between communication and social values, or culture, is seen. So, because the bi-lingual individual’s communication experiences are multi-lingual, they must necessarily also be multi-cultural. Overall, it can be more simply summarized that the individual who speaks two or more languages identifies, in some ways, with more than one culture. Intercultural communication is constantly occurring inside of them, as they move between one language and the next, depending on their social setting. This also means that they have the ability to differentiate between the needs of two cultural groups, with whom they communicate via these two separate languages. This gives them the foundation that they need to be excellent intercultural communicators, because they have already engaged in the establishment of their identity, as it relates to a multicultural setting, and how to move between different communication scenarios, based on the needs of those they are communicating with. It is possible for those that are not bi-lingual multi-lingual to learn these things, however, they do not have the head start on understanding and applying the principles that the bilingual individual has intuit ively established.

What Financial Planning Can Help People Plan For The Future

Larson, Brian talks about what financial planning is and how to help people plan for the future. How many of you want to be able to go to college and be able to pay it off? Long term financial planning is what people do when they are getting older and thinking about graduating. The key word here is ‘Long-Term’ this means that you will need to start planning now rather than later. The sooner you start the better off you will be. This will mean that when you get older you will have enough money to pay off college loans and sustain yourself. This can be a hard thing to do and that is why there are people who can help you plan for the future and save money so that you won’t go broke after four or more years of college. So, the first thing we need to discuss is what long term financial planning means. Long term financial planning is when you decide how much money you have now and how much money you want to have after college or for retirement. Once you know that inform ation, you must create a plan to decide how much money you will need to save in order to accumulate assets. I will be discussing what long term financial planning is and how to get started. I know that many of you already know, when it comes to money, it gets very complicated. There are 401(k)’s and IRA’s and much more. Our problem is that we have no idea what any of these things mean. That is why I am here today. I want to share with you some information on what it means to plan for the future and how to getShow MoreRelatedManagerial Accounting1152 Words   |  5 PagesManagerial Accounting Accounting is a crucial part in running a business. There are various forms of accounting that can be used, it is very important to know which technique is best to use for what companies. Once you figure out a particular technique to use, it is important to keep an open mind if there are any changes that need to take place in the business. By keeping an open mind helps the business adjust and be able to make the right decisions. Every business wants to make a profit; accounting isRead MoreDiscuss the Significance of Strategic Planning971 Words   |  4 Pagessignificance of Strategic Planning to organizations Introduction In discussing the significance of Strategic Planning it is important to clarify the process, though complex, in a definable manner. (i) â€Å"The GUIDING MEMBERS of an organization ENVISION its future and develop the necessary PROCEDURES and OPERATIONS to achieve that future. The strategic plan sets the stage for creating the marketing plan and the financial plan. The risk analysis section of the strategic plan includes the developmentRead MoreThe Budget Process1747 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction A budget is a plan that outlines an organizations financial or operational goals. It is an action plan. It helps a business allocate resources, evaluate performance, and formulate plans. Understanding the importance of budgeting is the first step in successful financial planning. This tutorial introduces budgeting and the 5 most commonly used methods of budgeting 2. Preparing amp; Controlling a Budget Budgeting is potentially a managers most valuable planning and management tool - butRead MoreCareer Rules For College Students Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is success? Success is when someone achieves a goal that they have set. One has to work hard in order to become successful, it isn’t easily earned. â€Å"Success is staying on course to your desired outcomes and experiences.†-Skip Downing My view on success has developed, I learned that I have to have a positive mindset in order to achieve in life and I learned that there is three success rules for college students: show up, do my best work, and participate actively. 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A little time used for retirement planning can make a huge difference later and should not be put off. Retirement is a strategy for the life in the future and the dream for many. Retirement begins with reviewing the financial assetsRead MoreDisney Strategic Planning Initiative1317 Words   |  6 Pagesoperational development, and financial planning . Our team paper will illustrate a strategic initiative for the Disney organization as well as identify an initiative discussed in Disney’s Annual Report. The focus will look at how the initiative affects Disney’s financial planning and explain how the initiative can affect the costs as well as sales within this organization. Last but not least, our paper will describe the risks associated with the initiative and financial effects the risks may haveRead MoreSaving And Planning For The Future1409 Words   |  6 PagesSaving and planning for the future is an important task that every individual should plan for. However, many times individuals feel overwhelmed, and anxious about how it is possible to survive and plan for the future. The Bible gives us good insight into how we should plan and manage our finances that pleases the Lord. 2 Corinthians 9:6 states â€Å"Whoever sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and whoever sows generously will also reap generously.à ¢â‚¬  It is possible to save for the future while at theRead MoreStrategic Planning : An Organization Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesHaving a plan in life is always good to have. It helps one go through life much more smoothly than someone who doesn’t have a plan at all. It helps achieve goals in a timely manner rather than not having a plan and the goals get pushed to the side and accomplished whenever time permits. Many may wonder why companies are always having business meetings or conferences; it is because everyone in that company must be on the same page, if not, then there are some issues that need to be addressed and solvedRead MoreManagers Need to Know how to Budget1862 Words   |  7 Pagesabout finance can help managers and leadership significantly because it allows them to understand the needs for budgeting. This revolves around income statements, balance sheets, cost of goods and earning statements. I have learned more information on how budgeting, if done corr ectly, can help reduce debt significantly. Knowing the important functions and goals of financial management can help organization thrive because their leadership and department managers understand the issues that can arise from

Gender and Identity in Raymond Carvers so Much Water, so...

Men are from Mars, women are from Venus. Weve all heard the saying, but what does it mean? We are different, that goes without saying. As evidenced in Raymond Carvers So Much Water, So Close to Home, men and women differ on many key issues of morality, perception, and judgment. The two do have something in common, believe it or not, and that is the expectation of the opposite gender to communicate, think, and react in the exact way they do. Hence, frustration. Not with themselves, God forbid the two ever see a situation from each others point of view. The frustration is with the opposite gender, over something that for the most part, they cannot help. As we have seen time and time again and as Carver proves, its in our blood. What†¦show more content†¦Men as a whole are known to be less compassionate and sensitive than women. The example used in the story is of course an extreme case- in reality even the most masculine of characters would not likely leave a dead body in the river close by for days and even wash their dishes next to it without calling on the proper authorities to help. What does it mean to be a woman? In So Much Water, So Close to Home, the narrator Claire is portrayed as an average woman. She has a hard working husband and a young son. All of the women in the story, excluding the dead one, are shown as very compassionate people. They are sensitive and caring to the needs of other people, even to those they do not personally know. When Claires husband Stuart returns home from his annual fishing trip, he tells her about how he and his friends found the womans body in the river. Not before having a cold beer, sex with Claire, and a good nights sleep, however. Claire cannot comprehend how in the world her husband could have done this. The fact that Stuart had found a body and waited several days to report it is bad enough, but for him to come home and carry on as if it had never happened is unimaginable to Claire. She even considers the po ssibility that it was her husband who raped and killed the innocent young woman. She later realizes, however, that her husband did not commit that particular crime. Claire thinks that her husbands inaction was a crime in itself. Claire sees this inability

Keeping Addiction And Recovery A Secret - 1464 Words

drugrehab.org - Keeping Addiction and Recovery a Secret When you are suffering from an addiction, you re likely afraid of sharing that information with anyone. However, if you keep your addiction a secret, you re not likely to ever recover from it. You need to admit that you have a problem and take steps to get it resolved as soon as possible. But what is compelling you to keep your addiction or even your recovery a secret? And how harmful can it be to keep secrets? And how can you break your silence and reveal your addiction secret? The answers to these and other questions are discussed in-depth below. How Addiction Stigma Compels Secretiveness Language is an incredibly powerful tool for communication and the words we use control the†¦show more content†¦As a result, the stigma of addiction extends to rehab and recovery, which is a major problem. After all, it doesn t leave people with an addiction very many choices. Not only do they have to keep their addiction a secret, they must also keep their recovery a secret or find a way to beat addiction on their own. The false narrative created by many Hollywood movies and television series is that a person MUST defeat addiction on their own to be successful. And while plenty of people do have the ability to beat addiction by themselves, many others do not. Yes, the prime personal strength and change needs to be self-motivated, but it can also be guided by a professional who can help streamline the process and make it more effective. Rehab should not be scorned with a negative stigma, but embraced as an effective treatment. What Professionals Think About Keeping Addiction And Recovery Secret Alcoholics Anonymous (or AA) is one of the most effective and efficient rehabilitation groups in the world. They have helped millions of people beat alcohol addiction, and through Narcotics Anonymous, have helped even more people beat addiction to other drugs. Their policy on secrets is illuminating: they state that â€Å"You re only as sick as your secrets.† What this means is that they believe you should reveal as much as you feel comfortable revealing in each meeting. For example, people who attend meetings are never required to stand up and discuss

Ap Bio Chapter 4 Course Learning Objectives Free Essays

Chapter 4 CLO 1. A branch of chemistry dealing with compounds of Carbon. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap Bio Chapter 4 Course Learning Objectives or any similar topic only for you Order Now Carbon’s has 4 valence electrons that can form covalent bonds with others atoms (Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Carbon atoms mostly) to make large, complex and diverse organic molecules. 3. The carbon skeleton vary in 4 areas, 1. Length 2. Branching 3. Double Bond Position 4. Presence of Rings. Carbon skeletons can have double bonds in different locations and also different numbers of double bonds. . Hydrocarbons only have hydrogen and carbon molecules, hence the name. Hydrocarbons are hydrophobic because they mostly consist of hydrogen and carbon bonds that have no charge, therefore don’t attract additional bonds. 5. Isomers are compounds made up of the same number of atoms and the same type of elements but configured differently, giving them different functions. There are 3 types of isomers, 1. Structural isomers differ in the arrangement of their bonds. 2. Geometric isomers have different arrangement around a double bond due to the double bond’s inflexibility for atoms to rotate around it. 3. Enantiomers isomers are mirror images of each other due to the arrangement of atoms around an asymmetric carbon atom. 6. a. Hydroxyl group is a hydrogen atom and oxygen atom, which is bonded to a Carbon atom. Is polar because the electrons spend more time by the negative oygen atom. Helps dissolve organic compounds because of ability to form hydrogen bonds. b. Carbonyl group is a carbon atom that is double bonded to a oxygen atom. The 2 types of Carbonyl group compounds (Ketones and Aldehydes) can be structural isomers, which would give them different properties. c. Carboxyl group is a oxygen atom double bonded to a carbon atom and bonded to a –OH group. Basically a combination of the Hydroxyl and Carbonyl groups. Acts as an acid. Has ability to give H+ atom due to polarity of the covalent bond of OH. Also has a charge of 1-, called carboxylate ion. d. Amino group is a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon atom. Acts as a base and can take the H+ from other compound. Also has a charge of 1+. e. Sulfhydryl group is a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, shaped like hydroxyl group. Can stabilize protein structures by forming covalent bonds with another sulfhydryl group. f. Phosphate group is a phosphorus atom that is bonded to 4 oxygen atoms, two of which are negatively charged, one is bonded to the carbon atom and the last one is double bonded to the phosphorus. When at the end of a molecule the charge is 2-, when in a chain of phosphates the charge is 1-. Has potential to release energy by reacting with water. g. Methyl group is a carbon atom attached to 3 hydrogen atoms and to a carbon or different atom. Affects the expression of genes by addition to DNA or molecules bound to DNA. The methyl group’s arrangement affects the shape and function in male in female sex hormones. 7. The ATP functions as the primary energy transfer molecule by having a reaction with water. ATP reacts with water by having a phosphate atom split off. This reaction releases energy that the cell can use. How to cite Ap Bio Chapter 4 Course Learning Objectives, Essay examples

Belonging In Shawshank REdemption and Jasper Jones free essay sample

‘Belonging to a group or community has a significant impact on an individual’s sense of self. ’ Discuss this statement, referring to your PRESCRIBED TEXT and ONE related text of your own choosing. One of the ways in which individuals establish their sense of self is determined by the affiliations they choose, and the groups with which they create connections. An individual may be said to have a strong sense of self if they have a clear notion of their purpose and direction as they move forward through life, as well as a sense of who they are and what they stand for. Through his collection of poems entitled Immigrant Chronicle, Peter Skrzynecki explores the extent to which a lack of belonging has had a damaging impact on his own sense of self. In his poems ‘Migrant Hostel’ and ‘St Patrick’s College’ he considers how a lack of belonging as a child impacted upon his own sense of purpose, whilst in ‘Ancestors’ he explores the extent to which his connections with family ancestry affect his sense of self-identity. Likewise, in the film The Shawshank Redemption, director Frank Darabont uses the characters of Brooks Hatlen and Andy Dufresne to explore how it is affiliation with community that creates a strong sense of self. It is through the process of belonging to groups and communities that individuals clarify their sense of purpose and self-identity, thereby creating and shaping their individual sense of self. ‘Migrant Hostel’ is Skrzynecki’s account of his childhood experiences living in a migrant hostel in Parkes, where he and his mother stayed for two years after their arrival from Poland in 1949. Whilst his father worked in Sydney, he and his Mother found it very difficult to establish any sense of purpose in a place where they did not truly belong. Skrzynecki’s use of non-specific language, describing people in the camp as ‘comings’, ‘goings’, ‘newcomers’ and ‘departures’, highlights just how transient life seemed in the hostel. Day to day living was something over which the ‘Workers for Australia’ had no control; they ‘lived like birds of a passage / Always sensing a change / In the weather: / Unaware of the season / Whose track we would follow’. This migratory bird metaphor highlights the confusion experienced by the immigrants who seem aware that they should be doing something but are entirely out-of-tune with the environment into which they have been thrusted. The personified boom gate ‘Pointed in reprimand or shame’ indicates how rejected they seem from mainstream Australian society. In addition, Skrzynecki’s paradoxical description of their ‘lives / That had only begun / Or were dying’ further highlights their confusion: they have no sense of where their lives are heading or whether the experience of emigration is to bring the newfound purpose it promised. Without a sense of belonging to this community, the immigrants are unable to identify a sense of purpose, and therefore fail to develop any positive sense of self. Skrzynecki’s exploration of a lack of belonging resulting in purposelessness is developed in ‘St Patrick’s College’, a poem exploring institutional alienation and its harmful effect on an individual’s sense of self. From the beginning of the poem, it is clear that the young Skrzynecki feels no affiliation with his new Catholic school. He describes how from the roof of the secondary school ‘Our Lady watched / With outstretched arms, / Her face overshadowed by clouds’. To him, the statue of Mary is not having its intended effect: the symbolic inclusiveness of her gesture is corrupted by the pathetic fallacy of the clouds over her face, foreshadowing the fact that the school is unable to welcome and integrate him as it wishes. In fact, his lack of belonging is having a disastrous impact on his sense of self. He describes how he ‘stuck pine needles / Into the motto / On my breast: Luceat Lux Vestra / I thought was a brand of soap’. The self-harm imagery highlights how painful a lack of belonging can be, whilst the pun on ‘Lux’ underscores and ridicules the school’s Latin motto of ‘Let your light shine’. Skrzynecki’s recollections of learning in the school all seem to highlight his purposeless nature whilst there: for instance, learning to say ‘The Lord’s Prayer / In Latin, all in one breath’ suggests that he was more interested in the personal challenge than the religious content. Without belonging, it seems that life can often appear meaningless, sometimes resulting in dangerous consequences and a corrupted sense of self. The idea that belonging breeds purpose and a strong sense of self is also explored in Frank Darabont’s film The Shawshank Redemption. In a fascinating sub-plot, the film presents the story of an old criminal, Brooks Hatlen, who is finally released from Shawshank State Penitentiary after many years. Just before his release, a close up shot of Brooks reveals him inside the dark and oppressive prison, symbolically releasing his pet bird Jake into the brightness of the outside world, which foreshadows his own release. This use of chiaroscuro seems to suggest the prison world is an undesirable environment in which to belong, yet for Brooks, his whole sense of self is bound up in this place. As he enters the outside world, the non-diegetic piano music creates a wistful tone, as does a reverse long shot of Brooks sitting among birds in a park, but unable to communicate with the silhouetted characters in the background. Brooks has been institutionalised, and cannot be forced against his will to belong in a new environment. In the same way that Skrzynecki feels no sense of connection with the ideologies of the migrant hostel and St. Patrick’s College, Brooks does not feel connected to the outside world. However, whereas Skrzynecki is able to anticipate a brighter future, one in which the ‘darkness’ will disappear and his light will finally ‘shine’, Brooks uses his voiceover to tell the viewer ‘I’ve decided not to stay’, a euphemism for his final act of suicide. For some, a lack of belonging to the community can have a truly disastrous impact upon one’s sense of purpose, resulting in complete disintegration of one’s sense of self. In Skrzynecki’s ‘Ancestors’, the poet explores how connection to one’s ancestry is an essential part of understanding one’s purpose and establishing a sense of self identity. In a reflection on human identity and the chain of life that links us with our ancestors, Skrzynecki relates a dream in which he perceives a group of ghostly ancestors surrounding him, implying that his connection to his past is perhaps stronger than he acknowledges. Initially, these ancestors seem intimidating, as indicated by the threatening imagery of the ‘bearded, faceless men’ and the sibilance of the phrase ‘Standing shoulder to shoulder’, almost suggesting they are united against him. This is a poem of questions but few answers; the narrator does not know where they are pointing, or why they do not speak, or why he is unable to determine their identity. On a complex psychological level, the poem explores the fact that Skrzynecki cannot escape his ancestors and their expectations, but is not able to identify what these expectations are. In the final stanza, the dreamer has a taste of what binds him to his family, remarking that ‘The wind taste of blood’, a metaphor for the ancestral connection that they have in common. The poem highlights how connection to community, in this case a family group, does impact on one’s sense of identity, although in this poem it is unclear whether this connection creates a positive or negative effect. In contrast, The Shawshank Redemption shows how connection to a desired community can have a hugely beneficial effect on self-esteem and self-identity. In the film, the main character Andy Dufresne has been imprisoned for a crime he did not commit, and is exposed to unspeakable horrors whilst imprisoned. By the end of the film, the viewer is manipulated to believe that, like Brooks Hatlen, his lack of belonging is having such a negative impact on his sense of self that he is contemplating suicide. Unlike the persona in ‘Ancestors’, it seems that he is unable to cling to any sense of family or ancestry that makes life bearable. However, in a powerful finale, the film reveals his magnificent and timely escape. In the voiceover, the narrator reveals the fact that ‘Andy crawled to freedom through five-hundred yards of shit-smelling foulness I can’t even imagine’. The use of the personal perspective and the belittling verb ‘crawled’ conveys just how important escape is for Andy, in terms of his own sense of self. When he finally emerges from the refuse pipe, the image is symbolic of deliverance and re-birth, suggesting that he has been born again into a world where he truly belongs. As he removes his prison clothes, which symbolise the world he has left behind, the camera reverse pans to a high angle shot, depicting Andy’s arms outstretched as he celebrates his renewed self-identity. For Andy, re-connection with the world is an epiphanaic moment, a moment of great significance. In contrast to ‘Ancestors’, where Skrzynecki is never quite able to forge a connection with his past, Andy fundamentally connects with the community of life, and in doing so re-discovers, once again, who he truly is. It is through the process of belonging to groups and communities that individuals discover their sense of self, finding a purpose for their lives and understanding who they are. In ‘Migrant Hostel’, ‘St Patrick’s College’, and the story of Brooks Hatlen, a lack of belonging can lead to a dangerously purposeless life, where an individual’s sense of self can be seriously damaged. However, in ‘Ancestors’ it is clear that connection to one’s community can at least provide the beginnings of a stronger sense of self whereas, through the story of Andy Dufresne in the film The Shawshank Redemption, the viewer is led to appreciate the inspiring re-discovery of self that comes with a sense of belonging. It is through experiencing connection to groups or communities that individuals, to different degrees, come to affirm their self-identity and forge a new sense of direction through life.

Ecological Restoration free essay sample

Considering how these aspects are different to different regions, it becomes difficult to develop a term that everyone can agree on unanimously. The campus lagoon, 94 acres in total, is â€Å"surrounded on the north, east and west by the Main Campus of UCSB and is bordered on the south by the Pacific Ocean. † The floor of the lagoon contains a depth of about 40 feet of loose and incompact layers of sand, slit, and clay comprised of partially decomposed organic matter. Habitat types that the lagoon includes are salt marshes, coast live oak woodlands, coastal dunes, vernal marshes and coastal sage scrubs. Archaeologists have determined that mankind had inhabited this area for about 9,000 years (UCSB Campus Lagoon). The restoration of Manzanita Village, Campus Point and the degraded wetlands will be focused on. Their descriptions, future goals and future actions will be discussed to have a better understanding of the sites. Daylight streams, Kudzu plants and riparian buffers strategies will be explained to illustrate how they will improve water quality, diminish erosion and decrease pollution, respectively on these sites. The Pacific Ocean and the campus lagoon border Manzanita Village. The restoration began in 2002 as a way to diminish the impact it made on the vernal pool and vernal marsh habitats on the site (5 Year Performance). The site is considered a Mediterranean climate zone and the soil consists of clay (Bitting). Currently, there are six acres of restored coastal grassland, vernal pool, vernal marsh and coastal sage scrub and more than 80,000 native plants have been replanted to increase species diversity (CCBER). The expanded wetlands have also significantly increased the number of birds, animals, reptiles and amphibians. Much of Campus Point is covered with an ice plant, Carpobrotus edulis. These plants grow year round and individual plants compete with native plants by forming mats up to 40 cm thick and 8-10 m in diameter. Examination shows that this ice plant has a very dense tough root system concentrated in the upper 50 cm of the soil, and that new roots form at each node as the plant spreads outward (D’Antonio, 886). In 2006, CCBER planted 2,000 acorns along Campus Point with hopes that in 15 to 20 years a small oak woodland habitat will be reestablished (CCBER). The eastern edge of the Lagoon, near San Nicolas Hall and Parking Lot 5, is dominated by Kikuyu grass, a rhizomatous plant with matted roots. Data from 2009 illustrate that even at that time, the site was completely covered in non-native Kikuyu grass (San Nicolas Slope Restoration Monitoring). Kikuyu grass favors moist areas and therefore it occurs in hydric soils. A Mediterranean climate, the site records rainfall averaging 16-20 inches per year. A myriad of different birds also inhabit the riparian and coastal sage scrub habitats as seen on wildlife surveys done monthly of the site due to the Lagoon Survey requirement (San Nicolas Habitat Restoration Plan). If Manzanita Village does not undergo restoration, the confined underground pipe systems will eventually cause decreases in flow capacity, escalation in flow rate and water pollution, resulting in floods, erosion and loss of natural resources. Goals for this restoration include improving water quality by subjecting water to air, sunlight, vegetation and soil, all of which aid in neutralizing toxins and reconstructing riparian habitat so more wildlife can inhabit the site as well (Koshaley). In some cases, daylighting streams on school grounds have led not only to ecological restoration but also to the advancement in students’ knowledge regarding other outdoor ecological programs (Ubran Stream Daylighting). Because the coastal bluffs on the Campus Point are eroding, more action needs to be taken in order to slow down this natural process. The goals for this site are to â€Å"restore the soil and reduce erosion† (Kudzu). Individual Kudzu stems can grow to about 20-30 m in one season so it should not be used in abundance in the future because it can become a detrimental invasive weed with serious ecological and economic effects (Sasek). With a restored wetland being designed on the way, inland buffer zones should be created â€Å"to provide an opportunity for wildlife to move inland† (Kostyack). Wetlands need to be restored because damage to them can obstruct wetland functions, such as water quality safety, habitat for fish and other wildlife, and flood prevention (Wetland Restoration). Goals for wetland restoration include reducing the outcomes of human disturbance on wetlands and increase in diet for wildlife (Wetland Buffering Plantings). To continue into the future, all of California’s shoreline wetlands require buffer zones around them to allow for steady migrations of each wetland as ocean levels increase (Bridgers). Currently, the Manzanita Village site contains 1,300 linear feet of bioswales (CCBER). An alternative, or addition to the bioswales could be daylighted streams. Because there are underground pipe systems that connect Manzanita Village to the lagoon, streams can be daylighted so that their flow of formerly concealed rivers, creeks and streams can be partially or fully exposed (Koshaley). The daylighting of living streams can occur in several ways. Various implications of creek daylighting are discussed by Brown and Schueler (2004), Pinkham (2001), Wolfe and Mason (1999).

Chinese vs. Americans essays

Chinese vs. Americans essays Question #1. Some of the attributes of the Chinese workers that were that they did there work right on time. The Chinese could withstand the America alcohol and would not show up to work with hang-overs. They brought there sleeping materials and food to eat. - The employers were concerned with the cultural and personal habits because they didnt want to offend, or influence them with their religious beliefs and their own personal habits. - The Chinese differed from the whites and Europeans, because they had better work ethic (punctuality, and did what were told). They had a better quality of work, and were able to get it done faster. Question #2. The attitudes of the Big Four towards their employees, changed for their first impression of dislike towards them, and then liking them, due to their respect ability to get the work done and their good manners. - I believe that most of the Caucasian employees didnt trust the Chinese workers, but had to hire them due to the fact that no one else would do the labor that the Chinese would. The employers realized that the conduct of their Chinese workers was higher than that of their white employees. This helped influence the change in their. - Some of the long term results of this change was that the Chinese were offered more jobs than previously, and were treated with more respect. Question #3. Living in the life of Americans didnt change the Chinese workers that much in my opinion, because they still valued their own religious beliefs and personal beliefs also. The presence of the Chinese working along side of the Americans, helped because they the Americans) started to respect the Chinese more, and understand their culture. ...

The Jet Stream - An Overview in Geography

The Jet Stream - An Overview in Geography A jet stream is defined as a current of rapidly moving air that is usually several thousand miles long and wide but is relatively thin. They are found in the upper levels of Earths atmosphere at the tropopause - the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere (see atmospheric layers). Jet streams are important because they contribute to worldwide weather patterns and as such, they help meteorologists forecast weather based on their position. In addition, they are important to air travel because flying in or out of them can reduce flight time and fuel consumption. Discovery of the Jet Stream The exact first discovery of the jet stream is debated today because it took some years for jet stream research to become mainstream around the world. The jet stream was first discovered in the 1920s by Wasaburo Ooishi, a Japanese meteorologist who used weather balloons to track upper-level winds as they ascended into the Earths atmosphere near Mount Fuji. His work significantly contributed to knowledge of these wind patterns  but was mostly confined to Japan. In 1934, knowledge of the jet stream increased when Wiley Post, an American pilot, attempted to fly solo around the world. To complete this feat, he invented a pressurized suit that would allow him to fly at high altitudes and during his practice runs, Post noticed that his ground and airspeed measurements differed, indicating that he was flying in a current of air. Despite these discoveries, the term jet stream was not officially coined until 1939 by a German meteorologist named H. Seilkopf when he used it in a research paper. From there, knowledge of the jet stream increased during World War II as pilots noticed variations in winds when flying between Europe and North America. Description and Causes of the Jet Stream Thanks to further research conducted by pilots and meteorologists, it is understood today that there are two main jet streams in the northern hemisphere. While jet streams do exist in the southern hemisphere, they are strongest between latitudes of 30 °N and 60 °N. The weaker subtropical jet stream is located closer to 30 °N. The location of these jet streams shift throughout the year however and they are said to follow the sun since they move north with warm weather and south with cold weather. Jet streams are also stronger in the winter because there is a large contrast between the colliding Arctic and tropical air masses. In the summer, the temperature difference is less extreme between the air masses and the jet stream is weaker. Jet streams typically cover long distances and can be thousands of miles long. They can be discontinuous and often meander across the atmosphere but they all flow east at a rapid speed. The meanders in the jet stream flow slower than the rest of the air and are called Rossby Waves. They move slower because they are caused by the Coriolis Effect and turn west in respect to the flow of air they are embedded in. As a result, it slows the eastward movement of the air when there is a significant amount of meandering in the flow. Specifically, the jet stream is caused by the meeting of air masses just under the tropopause where winds are the strongest. When two air masses of different densities meet here, the pressure created by the different densities causes winds to increase. As these winds attempt to flow from the warm area in the nearby stratosphere down into the cooler troposphere they are deflected by the Coriolis Effect and flow along the boundaries of the original two air masses. The results are the polar and subtropical jet streams that form around the world. Importance of the Jet Stream In terms of commercial usage, the jet stream is important for the airline industry. Its use began in 1952 with a Pan Am flight from Tokyo, Japan to Honolulu, Hawaii. By flying well within the jet stream at 25,000 feet (7,600 meters), the flight time was reduced from 18 hours to 11.5 hours. The reduced flight time and aid of the strong winds also allowed for a reduction in fuel consumption. Since this flight, the airline industry has consistently used the jet stream for its flights. One of the most important impacts of the jet stream though is the weather it brings. Because it is a strong current of rapidly moving air, it has the ability to push weather patterns around the world. As a result, most weather systems do not just sit over an area, but they are instead moved forward with the jet stream. The position and strength of the jet stream then helps meteorologists forecast future weather events. In addition, various climatic factors can cause the jet stream to shift and dramatically change an areas weather patterns. For instance, during the last glaciation in North America, the polar jet stream was deflected south because the Laurentide Ice Sheet, which was 10,000 feet (3,048 meters) thick created its own weather and deflected it south. As a result, the normally dry Great Basin area of the United States experienced a significant increase in precipitation and large pluvial lakes formed over the area. The world’s jet streams are also impacted by El Nino and La Nina. During El Nino for example, precipitation usually increases in California because the polar jet stream moves farther south and brings more storms with it. Conversely, during La Nina events, California dries out and precipitation moves into the Pacific Northwest because the polar jet stream moves more north. In addition, precipitation often increases in Europe because the jet stream is stronger in the Northern Atlantic and is capable of pushing it farther east. Today, movement of the jet stream north has been detected indicating possible changes in climate. Whatever the position of the jet stream, though, it has a significant impact on the worlds weather patterns and severe weather events like floods and droughts. It is, therefore essential that meteorologists and other scientists understand as much as possible about the jet stream and continue to track its movement, to in turn monitor such weather around the world.

Human Rationalism by Aristotle Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Rationalism by Aristotle - Research Paper Example The soul is not kind of body, but cannot exist independently without a body. According to Aristotle, reason is inborn and exists in human beings through an induction process that begins with a sense experience. For instance, Aristotle demonstrates that experience grants medical practitioners the capability to carry out accurate medical diagnosis when compared with medical theorists of layman. Thesis statement: rationalism leads reason which is the source of knowledge while rational soul strives to attainment of happiness which is the ultimate life goal. Reason is the cornerstone of knowledge while sensations are restricted. Reason deals with ideal aspects of knowledge while senses deal with the material aspects of phenomena. Aristotle recognizes that active reasons lead to objective thoughts while passive reasons receive objects of thought. Reasons support intelligent world thus many reasons are connected to the human being soul. Aristotle asserted that knowledge exists through the i nduction process. Human knowledge is derived from three forms that include sensation, thoughts and desires. Sensation is a passive state of the soul to be changed by external objects while thoughts entail active changes of forms without contact with external objects (Dawn 6). Thoughts entail a common sense without the involvement of sensory parts of the body. In addition, all senses lead to information, knowledge must be acquired rationally through the sense information. Through the use of reason, the universal truths can clearly be discovered and facilitate the deduction of other sciences. In ethics, the fundamental moral virtues are innate in human beings and moral principles can be evident to the rational faculty (Warne 34). Aristotle provides three aspects of the soul that include nutritive soul that cannot experience pleasure or pain. The sensitive soul that occurs when fetus starts to move thus can experience pain and pleasure. The third and important aspect of soul is the rat ional soul that is present in gods and human beings only. The rational soul includes all other soul forms and has the capacity to analyze and make a reasoned decision (Aristotle 3). The rational soul assists human beings in understanding different forms of relationships thus contributing to the knowledge process. According to Aristotle Nicomachean ethics, the rational soul consists of the theoretical part and deliberative part. The theoretical part entails faculty reasons or scientific reasoning activities, while the deliberative part is associated with human decisions. The rational soul is actuality of the body since it has the capability to behave and fulfill desires. The human function follows rational principle and entire soul acts with reason. Reason originates in rational soul since animals do not exhibit moral sense. Moral actions combine both character and intellect that entail development of the desires. According to Aristotle, the three goods which human beings try to atta in include goods of the soul such as virtues, goods of the body such as physical strength and good health and also external goods that entail political power, friends and wealth (Aristotle 8). However, Aristotle concludes that happiness is the last good that human rationalism strives to attain at the end of life. In addition, happiness entails having a good spirit and not simply being amused. It is the possession of a virtue and not sensation and some contributors of happiness include attainment of one’

Investigation and evaluation of the opportunities of food retailer Essay

Investigation and evaluation of the opportunities of food retailer Tesco expending into Mumbai of India - Essay Example According to Czinkota and Ronkainen (2007) international marketing can be portrayed as a process of planning and carrying out transaction across the national boundaries, in order to create an exchange and to satisfy the needs of the organization. The forms of international marketing are generally export-import trade, wholly owned subsidiaries, joint ventures, licensing, management contracts and turnkey operations. This study aims to evaluate the opportunities of food retailer Tesco expending into Mumbai, India. In other words, the objective of the study is to uncover the opportunity for food retailer Tesco to setup its business in Mumbai. Tesco PLC, the UK based multinational general merchandise and grocery retailer is presently headquartered at Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England (Yahoo Finance, 2012). It was founded by Jack Cohen in the year 1919. Based on its strong performance and determination, the company has been able to achieve colossal success in a short span of time. The compa ny is considered as one of the largest retailers of the world. Tesco is the second largest retailer in terms of net profit, just after Walmart, and the third largest retailer in terms of revenue, just after Carrefour and Walmart. ... Earlier the company used to position itself as a company which sells in large quantity and at low price. However the company has repositioned itself as a company that appeals to a mass customer through its wide range of products and value. The strategy paid off to a large extent as Tesco was successful in setting up 2000 stores more from the period of 1990 to 2005. Figure 1- Countries Where Tesco Operates (Source: DeadAnarchistPhil, 2012) With depressing economic environment, people are moving towards cheaper and value products. Some of the established players of Mumbai grocery retail industry such as Reliance Fresh, Aditya Birla’s MORE, Big Bazar, Metro Cash & Carry, and Marks & Spencer among others. (Source: Sood and Jashnani, 2012) Considering the present market conditions, the only way a company can earn profit is by satisfying the customers. Therefore proper segmenting and targeting the customers have become an indispensible task. In order to segment a market, companies n eed to consider factors such as psychographic aspect, demographic aspect, geographic aspect and behavioural aspect (Lao, 1998, p.114). According to the reports, the current strategy of the company is developed to compliment the vision, address the changing needs of the consumers and to satisfy the global nature of the company’s business. The strategy of the company is to create highly valued brands and customers with a variety of choice. This strategy helps the company to target customers from different segments of the society (Tescoplc, 2012). In addition, it also allows the company to realise economies of scale in the field of marketing and production. Moreover Tesco has the ability to sell products at a low price and therefore the company should deem catering to

Korean Culture In The 21st Century

Korean Culture In The 21st Century Korean culture has the most powerful influence in the 21st century today. The uses of social media have effectively shown how music from all around the world, like K-pop, can be shared and provide a platform to steer their endeavors to go international. In the beginning stages of K-pops arrival, the use of social media to circulate its musical content was a very fan-lead movement. It has seen how integral the use of the Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube is to display a heightened reality full of cute, seductive, and skilful talents. Record companies set up official Youtube channels for their artists and companies to create a presence. Television also plays an important role in this overall attitude of being thin. K-pop which means Korean popular music, is a musical genre consisting of dance, electronic, hip-hop, rap and others elements which originating in South Korea. K-pop has grown into a popular subculture among teenagers and young adults around the world. Basically, those k-pop singers are showing the perfect figure in their music video. In todays society of stick thin K-pop star and celebrity is emerging focus on obesity, so it is no wonder that more and more people have eating disorders. In fact, the celebrity focuses on being thin because the camera adds at least ten pounds. However, a plus size k-pop singer is uncommon. This sends a message to girls and young women that thin are beautiful and it may cause them not to satisfy with their current figure. In the result, it may lead them to having anorexia nervosa, and are they the potential patient? Research Problem In the most of the society nowadays, towards the exposure of the K-pop music culture, females are very particular on their body size especially being extremely thin is the desire that will never disappear. In order to fulfill the desire, it makes females have the tendency to reduce their meals irregularly and even more serious was highly restrictive eating. A report from Sutter Health network (2003) shows that more than 90% of people who affected by anorexia nervosa are adolescent and young women. This group of adolescent and young women are exposed to K-pop music very oftenly. Moreover, according to the report from U. S. NEWS (2010), it shows that approximately 1 out of 200 western women who are disordered eating are between 15- 24 years old. From the above reports, it indicates that, females who are suffering from anorexia nervosa are averagely at the aged between 15 to 24 years old adolescent and young women. The highly percentage of adolescent and young women have eating disorder , which affect them to pay more attention on their body weight to maintain a distortion of body image. As shown in National Associated of Anorexia Nervosa And Associated Disorders (2012), there are many people with anorexia nervosa see themselves as overweight even they are starved, they will control themselves to achieve the thinness they want. Since the population of eating disorders among female adolescents are increasing, a survey will be conducted to find out whether the K-pop music culture has influenced anorexia the female adolescents to suffer from anorexia nervosa. Purpose of the Study To examine whether females between 15 to 24 years old are influenced by the K-pop culture about their body outlook and figures. To find out the frequency of female adolescent expose to Korean popular music. To examine whether females adolescent who frequently exposed to Korean popular music, are they satisfied with their current body weight. To find out whether females adolescents have taken their meals regularly after they exposed to Korean popular music. Research Question Does the K-pop culture influence the females between 15 to 24 years old perception about their body figures? Significance of Study The study of the impact of K-pop music culture towards the anorexia nervosa among the female adolescents can be a guide for them to test whether themselves are diagnosed in anorexia nervosa. A summary from Renfrew Centre Foundation for Eating Disorders (2002) shows that 20% of people suffering from anorexia nervosa will prematurely die. Another summary from the same resource shows that 70 million individuals are affected by eating disorders worldwide. From the summaries above summarized that people have less awareness about anorexia nervosa. In fact, they do not know that eating disorder is the main symptom that enough to prove an individual to be diagnosed in anorexia nervosa. Therefore, this study is to raise awareness of anorexia nervosa and also to help the female adolescents prevent from anorexia nervosa. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Mass Communication Theory Advertisers often emphasize sexuality and the importance of physical attractiveness in an attempt to sell products, but researchers are concerned that this places undue pressure on women to focus on their appearance. In recent survey by Teen People magazine, 27% of the girls felt that the media pressures them to have a perfect body, and a poll conducted in 1996 by the international ad agency Saatchi and Saatchi found that advertisement made women fear being unattractive or old. Researchers suggest advertising media may adversely impact womens body image, which can lead to unhealthy behavior as women and girls strive for the ultra-thin body idealized by the media. The average women see 400 to 600 advertisements per day, and by the time she is 17 years old, she has received over 250,000 commercial messages through the media. Only 9 of commercials have a direct statement about beauty, but many more implicitly emphasize the importance of beauty-particularly those that target women and girls. One study of Saturday morning toy commercials found that 50% commercials aimed at girls spoke about physical attractiveness. Others studies found 50% of advertisement in teen girl magazines and 56% of television commercials aimed at female viewers used beauty as a product appeal. This constant exposure to female-oriented advertisements may influence girls to become self-conscious about their bodies and to obsess over their physical appearance as a measure of their worth. We are affected by what we see on television programs. Studies have shown that womens dissatisfaction with their bodies is related to what they see in the media. Girls and women are most affected by the sexual images of their favorite celebrities they see on television. A growing number of these women are also addicted to extreme dieting, exercise which can lead to psychological disorders, low self-esteem, and even death. Women are exposed to celebrities who are Photoshopped in the media and it affects the way they see themselves. They think they are not attractive and skinny compared to celebrities. However, this contradicts reality considering that Korea has the lowest obesity rate among OECD (organization for economic co-operation and development) countries and Koreans are a lot slimmer than people in other developed countries. Because of the importance of obtaining an ideal body shape in our society, many women go on a diet. However, the results are eating disorders or and an unh ealthy lifestyle. 2.2 The thin ideal is becoming a trend in our society. According to the latest survey by the Korean Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs, almost two in every woman suffer from undernourishment with intentional starvation being the main cause. In the 2007 report, 48.7% of teenagers were on a diet, with 65.3% of females restricting their eating. However, if this kind of extreme diet persists, people can have conditions such as hair loss and depression to bulimia, constipation and anorexia. Even celebrities are not immune to eating disorders. For example, in Korea, the late model Kim Yoo Ri, received lots of stress because of dieting. After going on an extreme diet, she developed anorexia and eventually died. Not just in Korea, but also around the globe, lots of women including celebrities suffer from illness from extreme diet and exercising such as Isabelle Caro from France. In conclusion, the media plays a large role in the way women view their bodies to the point of dieting. Women frequently compare their bodies to those they see around them, and researchers have found that exposure to idealized body images lowers womens satisfaction with their own attractiveness. One study found that people who were shown slides of thin models has lower self-evaluations than people who had seen average and oversized models, and girls reported in a Body Image Survey that very thin models made them feel insecure about themselves. In a sample of Stanford undergraduate and graduate students, 68% felt worse about their own appearance after looking through womens magazines. Many health professionals are also concerned by the prevalence of distorted body image among women, which may be fostered by their constant self-comparison to extremely thin figures promoted in the media.75% of normal weigh women think they are overweight and 90% of women overestimate their body size. Dissatisfaction with their bodies causes many women and girls to strive for the thin ideal. The number one wish for girls ages 11 to 17 is to be thinner, and girls as young as five have expressed fears of getting fat. 80% of 10 year old girls have dieted, and at any one time, 50% of American women are currently dieting. Some researchers suggest depicting thin models may lead girls into unhealthy weight-control habits, because the ideal they seek to emulate is unattainable for many and unhealthy for most. One study found that 47% of the girls were influenced by magazine pictures to want to lose weight, but only 29% were actually overweight. Research has also found that stringent dieting to achieve an ideal figure can play a key role in triggering eating disorders. Other researchers believe depicting thin models appears not to have long-term negative effects on most adolescent women, but they do agree it affects girls who already have body-image problems. Girls who were already dissatisfied with their bodies showed more dieting, anxiety and bulimic symptoms after prolonged exposure to fashion and advertising images in a teen girl magazine. Advertisements emphasize thinness as a standard for female beauty, and the bodies idealized in the media are frequently atypical of normal, healthy women. In fact, todays fashion models weigh 23% less than the average female, and a young woman between the ages of 18-34 has a 7% chance of being as slim as a catwalk model and a 1% chance of being as thin as a supermodel. However, 69% of girls in one study said that magazine models influence their idea of the perfect body shape, and the pervasive acceptance of this unrealistic body type creates an impractical standard for the majority of women. Some researchers believe that advertisers purposely normalize unrealistically thin bodies, in order to create an unattainable desire that can drive product consumption. The media markets desire. And by reproducing ideals that are absurdly out of line with what real bodies really do look like. The media perpetuates a market for frustration and disappointment. Its customers will never disappear. writes Paul Hamburg, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Havard Medical School. 2.3 Eating disorders on the increase in Asia Thirty miles south of the border with starving North Korea, young women in the South Korean capital are starving themselves, victims not of famine but of fashion. Dr. Si Hyung Lee has seen this dark side of affluence and modernity. He remembers best the patient who died of respiratory failure: She was a pediatricians daughter, said Lee, director of the Korea Institute of Social Psychiatry at Koryo General Hospital in Seoul. Her father and mother were both doctors. But her parents failed to realize that their teen-ager suffered from anorexia nervosa until it was too late to save her. Anorexia nervosa was a disease almost unheard of in Korea a decade ago. In fact, if Asia is a reliable indicator, eating disorder is going global. Anorexia is a psychiatric disorder once known as Golden Girl syndrome because it stuck primarily rich, white, well-educated young western women was first documented in Japan in the 1960s. Eating disorders are now estimated to afflict one in 100 young Japanese women, almost the same incidence as in the United States, according to retired Tokyo University epidemiologist Hiroyuki Suematsu. Over the past five years, the self-starvation syndrome has spread to women of all socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds in Seoul, Hong Kong and Singapore, Asian psychiatrists says. Cases also have been reported though at much lower rates in Taipei, Beijing and Shanghai. Anorexia has even surfaced among the affluent elite in countries where hunger remains a problem, including the Philippines, India and Pakistan. Doctors in Japan and South Korea say they also have noticed a marked increase in bulimia, in which patients gorge themselves, then vomit or use laxatives to try to keep from gaining weight, sometimes with lethal consequences. Experts debate whether these problems are caused by Western pathologies that have infected their cultures via the globalized fashion, music and entertainment media, or are a generic ailment of affluence, modernization and the conflicting demands now placed on young women. Either way, the effects are unmistakable. According to Dr. Ken Ung of National University Hospital in Singapore, he claims that appearance and figure has become very important in the minds of young people. Thin is in, fat is out. This is interesting, because Asians are usually thinner and smaller-framed than Caucasians, but their aim now is to become even thinner. A weight-loss craze has swept the developed countries of Asia, sending women of all ages. In Hong Kong, 20 to 30 types of diet pills are in common use and in Singapore, where the anorexia death of a 21 year old, 70 pound student at the prestigious National University, dieting itself has become a fashion statement. South Korea is perhaps the most interesting case study since, until the 1970s, full-figured women were seen as more sexually attractive and more likely to produce a healthy sons, said Dr Sing Lee, a psychiatrist at the Chinese University of Hong Kong who has written extensively on eating disorders. When I was a kid, plumper than average women were considered more desirable, they could be a first sons wife in a good house. He said. But standards of beauty have changed dramatically in the 1990s with democratization, as South Koreas government decontrolled television and newspapers, allowing in a flood of foreign and foreign influenced programming, information and advertising. The be slim trend starts earlier now, even in elementary school. Said the institutes Dr. Kim Cho. Dieting by growing teen agers often leads to inadequate calcium intake and weaker bones. Kim is worried about an increase in osteoporosis cases when this generation of girls reaches menopause. The dieting will also result in weaker physiques and lessened resistance against disease, she said. South Korea Korean psychiatrist Dr. Kim Joon Ki, who spent a year in Japan studying eating disorders, said the increase in eating pathologies over the past few years has been phenomenal. Before I went to Japan in 1991, I had seen only one anorexia patient, Kim said. In Japan they told me, Korea will be next, so you should study this now. And sure enough, they were right. Kim said he has seen more than 200 patients, about half of whom were anorexia and half bulimic, in the 2 years since he opened a private eating disorder clinic. Lately I have so many calls that I cant even give them all appointments, he said. But Kim said his new book on eating on eating problems, I want to eat, but I want to lose weight is selling poorly. Readers attention is still focused on dieting, not on eating disorders, he said. Dieting is not only trendy, its necessity for many Asian women who want to fit into the most fashionable clothes, some which are only made in one small size which is equivalent of an American size 4, said Park Sung Hye, a fashion editor at Ceci, a popular montly style magazine for 18 to 25 year old women. They make just one size so only skinny girls will wear it and it will look good, Park said. They think, we dont want fatty girls wearing our clothes because it will look bad and our image will go down. As a result, If youre a little bit fatty girl, you cannot buy clothes, she said. All of society pushes women to be thin. America and Korea and Japan all emphasize dieting. In the articles she writes on how to diet, she cautions readers against excess, warning, A models body is abnormal, not normal. Park said young Korean attitudes toward food differ from those of their elders, who remember hunger after World War Two and the old greeting, Have you eaten? and fat as a sign of prosperity . Now skinny means you are wealthier, since everyone can eat three times a day, Park said. 2.4 Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia literally means loss of appetite (Medline Plus, 2003), however, with anorexia nervosa, loss of appetite rarely accompanies the restricted eating, dangerously low body weight, distorted body image, and intense fear of being fat (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000, Halmi, 2005). Individuals with the disorder are frequently hungry and preoccupied with food, but deny the sensation of hunger as a way of establishing control over their bodies (Hobbs, Johnson, 1996). The result is a complicated and potentially deadly illness that has the highest mortality rate of any mental disorder (The Renfrew Center Foundation [RCF], 2002). Someone with anorexia may look very thin. They may use extreme measures to lose weight by making themselves throw up, taking pills to urinate or taking diet pills. In fact, they will not eating or eating very little and they will weigh the food and counting calories. Anorexia nervosa constitutes a major health care problem (Becker, Grinspoon, Kilbanski Herzog, 1999), It has been described as one of the most common chronic illnesses among young females today (Touyz Beumont, 2001) and Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder predominantly affecting adolescent girls (Hoek van Hoeken, 2003). Approximately 95% of those affected by anorexia are female, most often teenage girls. In the U.S. and other countries with high economic status, it is estimated that about one out of every 100 young women has the disorder. Research suggests that the prevalence of anorexia nervosa (AN) has been increasing, especially since the 1960s (George, 1997). For women, the lifetime incidence of the eating disorder is 0.9%, and for men is 0.3% (Hudson, Hiripi, Pope, Kessler, 2007). The incidence among young women aged 15-19 has been recorded as high as 135.7 per 100,000 per year, and the rate of incidence among adolescent girls living in Western societies appears to have been rising steadily throughout the latter half of the previous century (Lucas, Crowson, OFallon, Melton, 1999). Furthermore, research undertaken at the turn of this century suggests that the disorder is sub-clinical in up to 10% of young women aged 16-25 (Walsh, Wheat, Freund, 2000). Risk factors for anorexia include being more worried about, or paying more attention to their weight and shape. Generally, they will have a negative self-image, having certain social or cultural ideas about health and beauty. They will also have an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even when she is underweight. One of which is that people affected with this disorder are 15% below their healthy body weight and have a body mass index (BMI) less than 17.5 (Psychiatry: GPs should be vigilant for eating disorders, 2009). Probably, they have a body image that is distorted and refuse to admit the seriousness of weight loss. There are several physical effects of anorexia other than the obvious loss of weight can be seen. Anorexia can cause slow thinking and poor memory. Patient also will feel depression and fatigue. It will also cause dry, yellowish skin and brittle nails. Fine, downy hair grows on the face, back, arms, and legs. Despite this new hair growth, loss of hair on the head is not uncommon. Besides that, it will also cause tooth decay and gum damage. It will also cause the patient dizziness, fainting, and headaches. People with anorexia might also develop trouble maintaining a consistent body temperature and they will get cold easily. In addition, according to Dan W. Reiff, he said that In our clinical practice we surveyed over 1000 people with clinically diagnosed eating disorders. We found that people with anorexia nervosa report 90 to 100 percent of their waking time is spent thinking about food, weight, and hunger; an additional amount of time is spent dreaming of food or having sleep disturbed by hunger. People with bulimia nervosa report spending about 70 to 90 percent of their total conscious time thinking about food and weight-related issues. In addition, people with disordered eating may spend about 20 to 65 percent of their waking hours thinking about food. By comparison, women with normal eating habits will probably spend about 10 to 15 percent of waking time thinking about food, weight, and hunger. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Subjects The survey was conducted by using the cluster random sampling. The survey form was distributed to 100 students. 35 students from Tunku Abdul Rahman College, Penang Branch Campus, 35 students from Disted-Stamford College and 30 students of Penang Chinese Girls High School. The survey form only distribute to female students who are aged between 15-24 years old. 3.2 Research Design This research is aims to examine whether female adolescents are influenced by the Korean popular music culture among the female adolescent between 15 to 24 years old. The data of the survey was collected by using quantitative research method. the survey questions was designed accordingly to meet the research objectives. The survey consists of 14 questions. First part of the survey was designed to know about the demographics of the participants to find out whether the participants themselves are underweight or overweight. The second part of the questions was designed to find out the frequency of the female adolescent exposed to Korean popular music. While the following part of the questions was designed to examine the satisfaction of the body weight among the female adolescent who exposed to Korean popular music. Last part of the survey questions was designed to find out whether the female adolescents have taken their meals regularly after they exposed to Korean popular music. A PILOT test was conducted was conducted on a sample size of 15 students from Tunku Abdul Rahman College, Penang Branch Campus. The Pilot test was carried out to test the accuracy requirement to meet the research objective. 3.3 Research Materials In order to find out the body weight of the female adolescent between 15 to 24 years old are underweight, overweight or at the average desirable weight. Body Mass Index(BMI) measurement formula has been using as a calculator. According to the World Health Organization(2008), BMI is the standard reference for the obesity test. Throughout the survey, pen, pencil and papers have been using to fill up the survey form. 3.4 Research Procedure The survey questionnaires were only distributed to the female students who were taking meal in the canteen of the institutions of Penang Tunku Abdul Rahman College, Penang Disted- Stamford College and Penang Chinese Girls High School. 100 set of survey questionnaires were distributed to three institution. CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS 4.1 Hypotheses Throughout the survey, the objective of the survey is to examine whether females between 15 to 24 years old are influenced by the K-pop culture about their body outlook and figures. The data were collected from three institutions which is Penang Chinese Girls High School, Penang Tunku Abdul Rahman College, and Penang Disted-Stamford College. The exact sample size is 100 people. 35 students from Tunku Abdul Rahman College, 35 students from Disted-Stamford College and 30 students from Penang Chinese Girls High School. The sample size was divided into 2 categories. 15 to 18 years old students are from secondary school which falls under 1 category while 19 to 24 years old falls under another category which is the students from tertiary education level. The following chart shows the results of the demographics of the participants. 4.2 Standard Reference of Body Weight Chart 4.2 Body weight of the participants through Body Mass Index (BMI) Based on the chart 4.2, from the first category which the participants are aged from 15 to 18 years old, there are 20% of the students were underweight, 1% of student was at the average weight and 9% of the students were overweight. From the another category, the participants were from 19 to 24 years old. There are 30% of the students were underweight, 35% of students were at average weight and 5% of the students were overweight. 4.3 Frequency of the Exposure to the Korean popular(K-pop) music Chart 4.3 Frequency of the Exposure to the K-pop music Based on the chart 4.3 above, it shows the frequency of the female adolescents exposed to the K-pop music. 12% of the underweight students exposed to K-pop music less than 2 times per week, 24% of students exposed to K-pop music more than 4 times per week, 6% of the students exposed themselves to the K-pop music everyday and 8% of the students never exposed themselves to the K-pop music. The students who are at average body weight, there are 13% of them exposed to K-pop music less than 2 times per week, 15% of them more than 4 times per week, 5% of them watch it every day and 3% of them never expose to K-pop music. 4.4 Satisfaction of body weight among the female students who exposed to Korean Popular(K-pop) music Chart 4.4 Satisfaction of body weight among the female students who exposed to Korean Popular(K-pop) music There are 38% of underweight students are not satisfied with their current body weight while 12% of them satisfied with it. Students who are at the average weight, 28% of them dissatisfied with their body weight while 8% of them satisfied with their current body weight. Students who are overweight, there are 11% are not satisfied with their body weight while only 3% of them are satisfied with their body weight. Overall of the percentage, there are 77% of the students are not satisfied with their current body weight. 4.5 Do the Students Reduce the Number of Meals Chart 4.5 The actions of the students take on their meals to become their favourite Korean Celebrities According to the chart above, students who are underweight, there is only 2% of them have reduce their meals while the rest 48% are not. 35% of the students who are at average weight have not reduce their meals while only 1% has reduce her meal. While the overweight students, only 3% of them have reduce their meals and 11% of them are not. 4.6 Outcome of the Satisfaction of the Weight among the Students Chart 4.6 The Impact of the Korean Popular(K-pop) music towards the anorexia nervosa From all the charts shown above, there is 77% of the students are not satisfied with their current body weight after they exposed to the Korean Popular music. While 23% of the students are satisfied with their body weight. The majority of students were influenced by the Korean Popular music about their body figures. CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION 5.1 Summary of Results After the survey was conducted, based on the result of the satisfaction of the body weight among the participants, majority of the participants, after they exposed to the Korean popular music, they do not satisfied with their body figures. The conclusion is there is an impact in Korean popular music towards the female adolescents. But based on the findings on the actions that whether they will reduce their meals in order to become to Korean celebrities they favor. After all, the outcome is although there is an impact in Korean popular music towards the female adolescents but the majority do not reduce their meals to become the Korean celebrities that they admire. From the survey, the results also shown that majority of the underweight female adolescents are not satisfied with their current body weight even their body weight are under weight according to the worldwide standard reference, Body Mass Index(BMI). The answers found in the survey questionnaire was they wish to be slimmer. They also stated that they want to be thin is because they want to be more beautiful. It shows that Korean popular music has a great impact to influence the teenagers nowadays to have the perception that to be extremely thin is the trend todays. Korean popular music is not the main factor that cause people choose to suffer from anorexia nervosa. There is other factors behind it. In the future, a result is hopefully to be conduct with other factor like advertisements. During the survey was conducted, a new idea was brought from the surrounding of the locations and the people. As this survey was only targeted at female but there was a lot of male students pass through. They are even more interested to know more about the Korean popular(K-pop) music compared to some of the females. It indicates that K-pop is not only influence females nowadays but also males. Males have started to admire the Korean celebrities and tend to imitate them. In the future of the research, the research of the target group might target at male students which is quite new to the society today. Due to the advancement of the technology today, children before entering to nursery or kindergarten, they have already exposed to the media almost every hours. Especially parents whom are also the favourite adopter of new technology such as smartphone, tablet and etc, their children will expose to the media more. Expose themselves to the media has already become one of the routine in daily life. In a nutshell, a research should be conduct in future should also target at the children.